Consumer confidence fell by -2.6 percentage points in the second quarter of 2025, representing the first marked decline in confidence since October 2022, when inflation peaked at its highest rate in 40 years, and the lowest confidence level since Q1 2024. This was driven by a decline in all six measures of confidence of the Deloitte Consumer Tracker index, which is based on responses from 3,200 UK consumers aged 18+ between 13 and 16 June 2025.
Sentiment towards job security saw the biggest decline (-4.8 percentage points) as well as consumer confidence about job opportunities and career progression (-3.9 percentage points) following the increase in employer costs and weakening of the labour market. Consumers’ confidence about their level of debt also fell -3.7 percentage points, although remains above levels seen at the same time a year ago.
Céline Fenech, consumer insight lead at Deloitte, said: “For the last few years we have seen consumer confidence remain relatively resilient despite several economic challenges, geopolitical uncertainty, and the increased cost of living. After recovering from its lowest level on record in the third quarter of 2022, when inflation peaked to a historic high, our consumer confidence index has declined for the first time in almost three years.
“This drop in confidence signals a weakening of consumers’ resilience, as concerns of a slowing labour market have left consumers worried about job security and income growth prospects, while persistent inflation and a high cost of living have negatively impacted sentiment towards personal debt. However, we have seen how the mood of the consumer can change and adapt to new circumstances. If an uptick in both economic growth and business sentiment reduces pressures on the job market and on earnings, a return to positive confidence could still be on the cards.”
Sentiment towards economy improves despite slump in confidence
Consumer confidence towards the state of the UK economy, not included in the main confidence index, improved by +3.9 percentage points. However, it remains a significant -18.4 percentage points lower than the same period a year ago. This comes as UK finance leaders reported improved business optimism in the second quarter of the year.
Ian Stewart, chief economist at Deloitte, added: “Activity in the UK has slowed in recent months, but an uptick in business confidence seen in the latest Deloitte CFO Survey testifies to continued resilience amid geopolitical uncertainties.
“Higher inflation – which is well above levels in the US and EU – coupled with a weaker jobs market is weighing on consumer sentiment. The UK is unlikely to see inflation returning to the two per cent rate that prevailed last summer until well into 2026, so the UK consumer will have to navigate several months of uncomfortably high inflation.”
Consumer spending remains subdued, but holidays take priority
As consumer confidence fell, spending also remained relatively subdued in the second quarter. While essential spending dropped by -4.6 percentage points due to the seasonality of lower utility bills, this only translated into a marginal +1.5 percentage point uptick in discretionary spending.
The most significant boosts to discretionary spending were in clothing and footwear (+6.6 percentage points) holidays and hotels (+4.7 percentage points) and eating at restaurants (+2.8 percentage points).
Meanwhile, leisure spending increased across almost all categories, particularly long and short holidays and eating out, up +5.8 and +4.3 percentage points respectively – a sign that consumers continue to prioritise activities and services over goods.
Oliver Vernon-Harcourt, partner and head of retail at Deloitte, commented: “Overall, consumer spending has been more volatile in recent months, showing both positive and negative trends. Consumers remain cautious, no doubt due to the impact of persistent food inflation and higher energy prices. As demand for bigger ticket items such as appliances, electricals, and furniture remained slow in Q2, consumers also spent less on essentials as they prioritised saving and spending disposable income on holidays and eating out.
“Overall, tactical spending has become more embedded in consumers’ behaviours and combined with their concerns about the outlook for jobs and unemployment, could mean consumer demand will remain subdued until confidence in the UK economy further strengthens and stabilises. Looking ahead, more positive data will be required to back up any sustained growth in consumer spending.”
